acquired knowledge) seemed not affected (-0.03 SD 95% CI: -0.21, 0.15) and for the other cognitive domains data were too limited to draw firm conclusions. Findings of our meta-analysis comprising 17 studies in children 5-16 years of age, suggested that multiple micronutrients were beneficial for fluid intelligence (i.e. The first query concerned the investigation of the size of effects of multiple micronutrient interventions on different cognitive domains. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of multiple micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids on cognitive performance in school-age children living in deprived environments, thereby addressing three main research questions. At present, it is unclear whether additional intake of omega-3 fatty acids improves cognitive performance in children. The omega-3 fatty acid, -linolenic acid (ALA) is converted into docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a major structural component of the brain, which is important for normal development and maintenance of brain function. Multiple micronutrient interventions have shown to benefit mental performance of children, but a systematic evaluation of the evidence is currently lacking. Poverty and consumption of monotonous diets are underlying causes of inadequate intakes of micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids and may have severe consequences for children’s cognitive development. Abstract: In developing countries, approximately 30-40% of school-age children suffer from iodine and iron deficiencies.
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